Do I need hardware to bolt this on?

The bull bar assembly is included. Mounting hardware is not confirmed in the product specs — verify with your vehicle's service manual or test-fit before purchase to confirm what fasteners you'll need.

Can I paint over the black finish?

The powder coat is a sealed factory finish. If you want a different color, light sanding and primer prep is standard, but exact grit and primer type depend on your paint system — check your paint supplier's recommendations.

Will this fit flush against my bumper, or does it stick out?

The 3-inch tube is designed to sit in front of your lower bumper and fascia for protective clearance. Exact standoff distance isn't specified — a test-fit before final tightening will confirm the look and clearance you want.